Diabetes

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels over a prolonged period. This occurs when your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it produces.

Types of Diabetes

• Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the body doesn’t produce insulin
• Type 2 Diabetes: The body doesn’t use insulin properly or doesn’t make enough insulin
• Gestational Diabetes: Develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after delivery

Common Symptoms

Watch for these signs:

• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Excessive thirst
• Unexplained weight loss
• Extreme fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing cuts and bruises
• Frequent infections
• Tingling or numbness in hands or feet

General Management Approaches

Lifestyle Management

• Blood Sugar Monitoring: Regular checking of blood glucose levels
• Healthy Diet: Focus on whole grains, lean proteins, vegetables, and fruits
• Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week
• Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight
• Stress Management: Practice relaxation techniques

Medical Management

• Medications: May include insulin, metformin, or other prescribed medications
• Regular Check-ups: Monitor HbA1c levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol
• Eye and Foot Care: Regular screenings for complications

When to Seek Medical Attention

Immediate Medical Care Needed:

• Blood sugar levels consistently above 300 mg/dL
• Signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (fruity breath, nausea, vomiting)
• Severe hypoglycemia symptoms
• Loss of consciousness

Schedule an Appointment:

• New onset of symptoms
• Difficulty controlling blood sugar levels
• Frequent infections
• Changes in vision
• Foot problems or slow healing wounds

Complications to Be Aware Of

• Heart Disease: Increased risk of cardiovascular problems
• Kidney Disease: Can lead to kidney failure if uncontrolled
• Eye Problems: Including diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma
• Nerve Damage: Particularly in feet and hands
• Poor Wound Healing: Increased infection risk

Prevention Tips

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Stay physically active
• Eat a balanced diet
• Limit processed foods and sugary drinks
• Don’t smoke
• Manage stress levels
• Get regular health screenings